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EJ271990 TM507463

Title: The Unit of Analysis: Group Means versus Individual Observations.
Author(s): Hopkins, Kenneth D.
Source: American Educational Research Journal, v19 n1 p5-18 Spr 1982
Publication Date: 1982
Language: English
Document Type: Journal articles (080); Reports--Research (143)
Journal Announcement: CIJMAR1983

The recommendation to use group means when there may be nonindependence among observational units is unduly restrictive. When random factors are properly identified and included in the analysis, the results are identical in balanced analysis of variance designs, irrespective of whether group means or individual observations are employed. (Author/BW)

Descriptors: Analysis of Variance; *Data Analysis; Hypothesis Testing; *Mathematical Models; *Research Design; *Research Problems; Statistical Analysis
Identifiers: *Unit of Analysis Problems

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